African American Reconstruction Essay

?Reconstruction in the 1800s dismiss have a lot of different laytainings. For some the reconstruction was the rejoining of the ii sides that fought in the civil war, the North and the southeastward. For others in organisation it was the presidential reconstruction after the death of Lincoln. Most importantly for some reconstruction mean fin all in ally world a free man with in nigh(a) order and who could voting and provide for his family. The African Americans were a big part of reconstruction, just being freed by the passing of the thirteenth a manpowerdment which was adopted on December 6, 1865.This stark naked law stated Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall cost within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. Being freed was a gradation in the right direction for the African American, but anything non properly followed through with can end up und oing itself. regrettably for the African Americans in the sec the progress towards freedom and citizenship and equality had entrustd for took a terrible turn for the worse and intimately of their dreams were crushed.The north removing their army from the south to settle a dispute over who would be president undid what the fourteenth and 15th amendment were set to do and with no enforcement of them and the stark codes life for the modal(a) African American re importanted one filled with difficulties and racism. In 1863 the emancipation resolve was written to give freedom to all slaves in the rebel states, shortly following that the Thirteenth amendment was passed. This Thirteenth amendment took the emancipation proclamation one step further and freed the slaves wherever they may be.Now the mass of newly freed African Americans in the South had to face the difficulties of acquire a life started duration being surrounded by umpteen angry gabardine Southerners. It granted th em their freedom, but did nonhing to guarantee them with voting rights, benefits, or the same opportunities as their livid countrymen. Imagine you spent your whole life surrounded by people who considered you less than a person. To them you were just a mass of life story space that only had the brain capacity to do simple jobs. once you received a certain document, that says you are a full human race being with all the capabilities of others, do you think those people would instantly wear this change and consider you an equal in society? When the civil war came to a close, the White Southerners moved quickly to put an end to the African Americans newfound freedom. They wanted a way to fall in African Americans back to what they were before the war, which were slaves. In order to do this without getting in too much trouble from the north they had to do it in a way that seemed neutral and fair to all races.Anyone with common moxie however could tell that these laws were passed specifi withdrawy to limit African Americans. These laws started out as what were commonly referred to as the downcast codes. These were a set of laws that were applied specifically to African Americans to attention keep them in a form of slavery. approximately of these laws were. No person of ruse shall migrate into and reside in this state, unless, within twenty solar days after his arrival within the same, he shall enter into a bond with two freeholders as certainties. Servants shall not be listless from the premises without the permission of the master.Servants must assist their masters in the defense of his own person, family, premises, or property. No person of color could become an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper unless he obtained a license from the approximate of the district court a license that could cost $100 or more(prenominal). These laws however didnt stick around forever and then the Jim brag Laws were put into place. The Jim Crow laws stated that it is okay for African Americans and whites to be fork as long as they were equal. Even the Supreme Court verbalize that Jim Crow Laws were radical even though the stuff that the African Americans got was so much less quality.For we colored people did not k this instant how to be free and the white people did not know how to have a free colored person about them. This quote was stated by the name of Houston Hartsfield Holloway following the passing of the thirteenth amendment. Most of these African Americans didnt know how to be free and adapting to this new life was extremely difficult. These freewoman had to now face the difficult task of not only dealings with the racism of the white southerners living around then but too needed to get jobs.The freedman toilet table was then created to try and attention newly freed slaves get on their feet. The freedman breast created March 3, 1865 main focus was to provide food and medical care, to swear out the freedmen to resettle, to ensu re judge for the freedmen, to manage abandoned or confiscated property, to regulate labor, and to establish schools. Now that it was wakeless for these newly freed men to learn, establishing school in which they could learn was very important. These schools would help them learn trades and skills to help them get jobs.While the freedmans bureau did not establish schools itself, it coordinated and helped to finance the activities of northern societies committed to black education. It is stated in the Voices of Freedom book written by Eric Foner that by the year 1969 only four years after the thirteenth amendment was passed roughly 3000 schools were established in the south. More impressive than that, these schools have more than 150000 pupils. The bureau was able to give former slaves most of the basics like food, shelter, clothing, and a way to make a living.Without being given the basics at that place is no way the African Americans would ever be able to consider care of them selves and defend their families. They needed help adapting to the new freedoms they were given, just as white men had to adapt to them being free, (although most of the time white men still treated them like dirt). The passing of the fourteenth and ordinal amendments helped to make with child(p) strides towards equality for African Americans. This amendment was the heart of Congress reception to Johnsons reconstruction plan and said that all people innate(p) in the United States are citizens.This up sour the 1857 Supreme Court finis in Dred Scott v. Sandford. In this case it stated that persons of African descent were not citizens and therefore not entitled to constitutional rights. On top of that it in addition prohibited states from revoking life, liberty or property without callable process of law. in the end it infallible states to guarantee equal protection under the law. All states were required to ratify it. It was of course to get some of the southern states to rat ify a law like this that on top of giving freedom to African Americans would also give them civil rights.Just because the fourteenth amendment said something, which did not mean that it would be enforced. The Military and Reconstruction dally of 1867 however, was passed to make sure that it was. The funny thing about this act is, on the very stretch out day of session for sexual congress, and the congress that was currently raise uping with the current president to the point where they tried to kick him out of touch overrode his veto and had it passed. The disco biscuit Confederate States that had refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment were divided into five forces districts. each military district was put underthe direction of a military governor authorized to appoint and remove state officials. Voters were registered, and suffrage was extend to freedmen. State constitutional conventions were called, and elected delegates were charged with drafting new constitutional pr ovisions providing for black suffrage. Finally, states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before readmission. The congress didnt stop here however they later passed even more military reconstruction acts. The new acts directed military commanders to register voters, call conventions, and organize options, rather than wait for state officials to act.In the face of recalcitrancy from Johnsons executive branch and white southerners attempting to subvert the law, Congress in July 1867 passed a third Reconstruction Act, declaring the existing state organizations in the South illegal and subject to military control and the U. S. Congress. In an attempt to go the creation of new state governments, some southern whites turned to a provision of the first Reconstruction Act requiring that a majority of registered voters was necessary to ratify a new constitution and called for a boycott of the ratifying election.On March 11, 1868, Congress passed a fourth and final Reconst ruction Act that allowed a majority of those voting to ratify a new constitution, irrespective of the size of the attendance. President Johnson, being the leader of this nation at the time, worked to deferral and obstruct the army from enforcing these laws. The main job of the fifteenth amendment was to give the right of vote to any male of any race. Section two of this word also said The Congress shall have tycoon to enforce this clause by appropriate legislation. This sounds great at first that the African Americans willing not be able to vote with no problems. This, as good as it looked in writing, would ultimately fail in some places due to the terrorist threats that were places upon African Americans who planned on voting. During reconstruction African Americans were brandished political power in the south for the first time. Most of these men were those who either lived in the north or lived abroad, and were educated. Before holding political power most were either lawyers or teachers. Black political power was unfortunately short-lived. blue politicians grew increasingly conciliatory to the white South, so that by 1872 virtually all leaders of the Confederacy had been pardoned and were again able to vote and hold piece. The white men were able to take back the south by put economic pressure on the blacks and by threatening them. One of the biggest ways in which the blacks were threatened was by the Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan was to drive with organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a loving club by six Confederate veterans.It started out small and was unploughed secret at first. When the Klan was first formed they had no violent intentions in mind. subsequently they had a large amount of growth however it turned from a group of people into a terrorist organization. The Klan systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders. It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated t ens of thousands of others from voting. The African Americans of course tried to fight back to this injustice at first but because they were outnumbered and had no guns, they didnt have a chance.A 103-year-old woman was whipped, as was a totally paralyzed man. In Georgia, Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. The KKKs main objective was white control but President Grant responded to their attacks. In the year 1868 Ulysses S. Grant ran for office and used the slogan let us have peace. After getting the fifteenth amendment passed, the Enforcement Acts were passed, which made it a crime to interfere with registration, voting, office holding, or jury service of blacks.Because of this new law over a 1000 members of the KKK who violated it and interfered were convicted. On top of this act to protect the African Americans there was also the Ku Klux Klan act. These new acts made it so it was okay for the go vernment to interferer and help put a stop against terrorist acts. This act although it did help a little was not greatly enforced. In the year of 1876 was the presidential election of Samuel J. Tilden vs. the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. In this election Hayes ended up loving the popular vote, but as far as electoral votes went it was a tie.This was a big problem and a hard decision to placate until there was the Compromise of 1877. This Compromise would swing the vote away from the Democrats and to the Republicans in return for the removal of all remaining troops from the south. It was on that day that the period of reconstruction would end and the reconstruction for African American would begin to go backwards in the south. Africans Americans were given a sliver of hope and promised to be free equal man just to have the government not follow up on its promise.With all of the troops now removed from the south there was no one there to help protect them or to enforce the laws in which gave them freedoms and rights. They never did go completely back to the way it was before the civil war, but because of how in those kale couple of years segregation and discrimination could have been eliminated it is just as tragic. African American Reconstruction helped lay out a great pathway for African Americans to become truly equal and free men in the United Stated. Unfortunately because of their not being enough support from the government they would get to walk down that path to equality for many years later.