Foodmaster case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foodmaster - Case Study ExampleThe content study tries to analyze the issues faced by the fraternity at the first instance. The lodge had experienced spunky growth in bossiness until 2007, when its sales has f wholeen from 60$ million to 48 million. Due to fall in sales, the profit of the society was also found to fall from 25$ million (2006) to 18 $ million (2007). The context of use of the case study will analyze the issues faced by the company after implicitly flesh out about its internal and external headache environment. In the latter half, the case study will enumerate some strategies and fallacies of marketing with the help of which the company would be able to overcome the challenges of its business and prosper amidst all competition in the long run.The Foodmaster Company was founded by a group of young businessmen in 1995. The company engages in providing dairy products and is based from Kazakhstan. Its founders critically analyzed that until 1995, diary product avai lability was restrain in the country and products like yogurt was just not domestically produced in its market. In a country where dairy farming was traditionally and widely practiced, such scarcity of diary product product only signified that the segment was not exploited for commercial purpose. Hence, the inception of the company with dairy business was primarily undertaken to tap the unexploited dairy market in its domestic economy for the first instance. The companys diary factor shop in the town of Issyk was the first yogurt producing factory of the country. Overtime, the company has significantly expanded its scale and scope of business operations. At present it owns 2 dairy farms, 4 factories and 16 retailing branches. It has now owned the prestige of being the biggest dairy product producing company in Kazakhstan. The company produces a wide range of diversified dairy products to meet the requirements local demands of its domestic markets. Since 2004, the company has start ed to

Conceptual framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conceptual framework - Essay Exampleand as a guide to the enterprise itself.A Financial statement is a management tool of communicating information about the financial position of the company, its performances and changes in financial position. It is presented in income statements, balance sheets and cash flows.Part B. Review the 2008 annual report of British Airways plc and respect the relevance, reliability, comparability and understandability of the information to you as a potential investor (use examples to justify your answers)*On the basis of relevance. The information presented in the financial statements is relevant as it is presented in two years, 2007 and 2008. This information can help users of the Financial Statement to evaluate yesteryear and present events of the company. On the basis of past events, evidences could be gathered for confirming or correcting past evaluations made.*On the basis of reliability. Financial statements of British Airways have to be audited in accordance with IASB and should comply with the requirements in the financial market audit. A financial statement becomes unreliable when it is purposely done to influence users finding such understatement or oerstatement of assets, income and liabilities. Disclosures from part of the financial report in claiming estimates in its preparation so that the FS will appear neutral. The study has been limited and could not interpret any understatement or overstatement of assets and liabilities. However, following(a) the motion of the 2 year Balance sheet, changes in asset structure is not very evidential to cause an alarm.*On the basis of comparability. The Financial Statement of BA provided sufficient data for comparability over time. This is done on a 2 year comparison of its own yearly performance. This allows users to study trend in performances in all

COMPARE AND OR CONTRAST THE EFFECTS OF THE SETTING ON THE MAIN Essay

COMPARE AND OR CONTRAST THE EFFECTS OF THE SETTING ON THE of import CHARACTERS OF THE FOLLOWING TWO SHORT STORIES. THE LAST LEAF, BY WILLIAM SIDNEY PORTER (O. HEN - Essay ExampleTo expatiate the various ways in which setting can be used to identify and mold the characters of a story, we will compare and contrast the effects of setting on the main characters involved in William Sidney doorkeepers The Last Leaf (O. Henry) and Nadine Gordimers The Ultimate Safari.In The Last Leaf, the story opens with a exposition of the crazy and broken streets that make strange angles and curves. Immediately the reader is placed in mind of either a broken down part of town or an artists mecca, which indeed this landing field of town has become as we learn in the very next paragraph. As the area becomes associated with artists in the readers mind, an idea of the coating of the area becomes clear. With this association to the land of imagination, creativity and make-believe, the reader is to a gr eater extent inclined to believe one of the main characters, Johnsy, would truly breach once the last leaf beastly from the ivy vines outside her window. This belief is, to some degree, also shared by her roommate Sudie and their downstairs neighbor, Mr. Behrman. sympathy that Sudies fear regarding the vine is strong enough to mention her concern to their neighbor indicates this conviction of her roommates is at least halfway believable to the character. This is further emphasized as Sudie and Mr. Behrman peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. Mr. Behrmans last-place masterpiece is also an indication of just how much he buys into the concept of an artist who might die simply based on her convictions.To contrast against this culture, this belief in the power of the vine to number out the clipping Johnsy has left to live, is not shared by the good doctor, who is not a part of the artist culture and cannot unde rstand a woman who would live in order to someday paint the bay of Naples moreover not for the hope of a good man. However, he is a good doctor who

Marketing service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing service - Essay ExampleAfter the demise of Cook, many new(prenominal) blend in agentive roles came who fulfilled the holiday and society desires for people for this novel transportation means, train. Since then, offices kept opening up to public in get together Kingdom and the genuine drop dead agencies came into existence. These travel agencies grew in hundreds and multiples and the invention of descent package holiday in the year 1950 the number augmented by thousands as they reached 8,000 during 1990s. Today thither are approximately 7000 travel agents in United Kingdom alone.1 Business travelers in United state might select one of the United Kingdoms assigned travel agents. The abdominal aortic aneurysm corporal Travel Services is the leading travel agency, in addition to the second agency which is off the campus called Avant Travel. The AAA Concur is on top of the online services of reservation in United Kingdom. Even though everyone in United Kingdom prefer ar rangements by UK travel agents they may decide on a different travel agent other than the UK travel, or any other organization than Concur. But, if they prefer to do so then a certain issue forth will be printed by Concur and it is submitted to travel agent for the aim of reimbursement. Personal credit billhook is mandated when any other vendor other than UK one is utilize and the amount of travel is reimbursed after the travel. 2 The liked method of business payment is the University Procurement visor which is favored payment method for the business airline tickets which burn be purchased via Concur, AAA, and Avant Travel. The personal credit card is of immense value especially in case of a different vendor. The amount is reimbursed after the unadulterated travel. This procurement card can be utilized for tax charges and business hotel room, conference registration fees, and term of a contract car charges. Various travel discounts have been secured by United Kingdom. These d iscounts were discussed with Continental Airlines, Northwest Airlines, and Delta Airlines. The fares are take over unpublished and are only on the sites of United Kingdoms own travel agents. United Kingdom has many rental car discounts with national Car Rental and Enterprise Rent-A-Car and these discounts are discussed at various hotels. The aim of Travel agents is to make the business efficient and pleasurable for the customers.3 Many travel firms of United Kingdom believe that if you can survive in hard times then you can easily flourish in times of boom. The market is drastically becoming mature and ecological niche change magnitude and so the United Kingdom travel agents face a lot of challenges today to survive in the market. Holidays today are a huge priority for people as they spent an indispensable amount on holidays. Therefore, there is a lot of pressure on the travel agents to come up with let out deals and at the same time, offer an even greater nourishion for consum ers. In these lean times, the firms are definitely looking for opportunities abroad and comprehend the challenges they might face for a feasible future. The recession is the biggest challenge which I no doubt decreasing the consumer spending and even if the things havent been great for some time, recession is on its verge today. Travel agents have reduced their capability for holiday programs and de-risk model of business. 4 The pay cost and access to it is another challenge that the travel services are facing today. The seasonal travel needs efficient financial market at right rates when most needed. Also, the ways to protect

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Compare and Contrast - Essay ExampleSherlock Holmes, from the video serial The Hound of The Baskervilles and the movie Sherlock Holmes, played by Jeremy Brett and Robert Downey respectively, are compared, then it is found that they introduction similar traits and behavior when it comes to their psychical patterns. For example, they both like the process of price reduction and find it challenging. They are grand of their analytical ability to deduct the facts about people from their physical appearance or accessories. For example, Brett is shown do deduction about a man from the walking stick that he forgets in his apartment. When he sees the man get down from the carriage, he remarks I was right, in a very satisfactory and happy tone. In the movie, Downey is shown making deduction about Watsons girl friend from her appearance and her accessories. He does not refuse to render the facts as yet when he realizes that it might make Watson and his girl friend uncomfortable. This sh ows that both the characters find great mental satisfaction in making deductions about people, and do not hesitate to display their skill even if it creates discomfort for others.Secondly, both the characters are sarcastic in their expressions. For example, Brett asks Watson to make deduction from the walking stick. When Watson tells him what he thinks, Brett ab initio appreciates him but when Watson expresses happiness over his achievement, Brett says but I am afraid that most of your conclusions were erroneous. Similarly, even Downey is shown existence sarcastic in his remarks. For example, in the beginning of the movie, when the inspector reaches the crime scene after the girl is protected by Holmes and Watson from being murdered by Lord Blackwood, Holmes says to the inspector impeccable timing Lestrade, in a sarcastic tone. Later, when inspector says and you were supposed to wait for my orders, Downey replies if I had, you would be cleaning up a mud and chasing a rumor. This shows that

American Intellectual Union Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Intellectual Union - Research Paper ExampleThe employees be divided in terms of their position i.e. either they are hourly employees or salaried employees. The employees were alike categorized for the term of office which they had spent with the company. This was categorized as the number of employees who had worked for a period less than 2 eld, those who had worked from 2 to 5 years and those who had worked for more than 5 years with the company. The overall job satisfaction of the employees while they were on the job, their inherent and extrinsic job satisfaction values and the benefits which they derived was rated as a measure of the survey. Statistics plays a vital utilisation and has significant value in assessing the success of an organization. Statistics possesses a central position in predicting the stability of a business and its overall application in the industry is very wide. It attends in assessing the current performance of the organization. It also assis ts in designing the future plans which can support organizational growth. Properly using surveys can help in making quick and successful business decisions. Several production decisions which are adopted are based on these calculations. Using statistics can aid in assessing and analyzing the change within the organization. Gender manly 95 Fe virile 95 The survey that has been conducted comprises an even distribution of male and female respondents. Out of xcl respondents 95 are male, and 95 are female. This shows that 50% of the respondents belong to the male population, and 50% belong to the female population. upgrade With Company Less than 2 years 91 2 to 5 years 35 Over 5 Years 64 The tenure of employees with the company has been shown in the chart above. Out of xcl respondents 91 respondents which amount to 48% had worked with the company for less than 2 years. 35 of the respondents which are equal to 18% had worked with the company for 2 to 5 years. 64 respondents which amoun t to 34% were those who had worked with the company for over 5 years. Tenure With Company Overall Male Female Less than 2 years 91 50 41 2 to 5 years 35 14 21 Over 5 Years 64 31 33 The tenure of the employees distributed according to gender has been shown in the chart above. The distribution shows the number of male and female respondents and the tenure which they have spent with the company. Department Human Resources 52 Information Technology 71 Administration 67 27% of the survey participants belong to the Human resource department, 38% belong to the IT department, and 35% belong to administration department. The mean measured for the extrinsic value has been shown below Mean For Extrinsic treasure By Gender Overall Mean (190 Respondents) 5.042 Male (95 Respondents) 5.276 Female (95 Respondents) 4.807 Probability That an Individual Will Be Between 1621 Years of Age The probability that the individual selected will between 16-21 years of age is 36.84%. This amount can be calcula ted as there are 70 respondents in this category and 190 total respondents to the survey. Probability That an Individuals Overall Job Satisfaction Is 5.2 or Lower The probability that an individuals overall job satisfaction is 5.2 or lower is 86.32%. This has been calculated on the basis that 164 of the total respondents are those whose job satisfaction is 5.2 or lower.

Decision-Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision-Making - Case Study ExampleTherefore, it can safely be verbalise that it is not the acquiring of the knowledge itself, but the methods of choosing the relevant information and implementing it is a much more frighten off task for the leaders and the management of an organization.In the year 2009, the American government announced a fiscal budget cut in the funds that it allotted to the Medicaid services. The Medicaid is an entity which is operating in all the states of the country on a overthrow floor different names and which provides healthcare services to the eligible American citizens, most of whom are in the lower income bracket.A 15 % budget cut in this regard has brought the Medicaid departments all across the USA to a as to how they should operate on the fewer resources and which services and programs should be continued and which would have to be discontinued. Barondess (2007), notes that galore(postnominal) of the long term facilities that Medicaid provides are already struggling to provide quality care to patients while rip off multiple problems such as a shortage of trained workforce, and a budget cut would single increase these problems and would almost surely eliminate funding for a number of programs that Medicaid runs, and the elderly will be the ones who get effected by it the worst.In such circumstances, as mentioned before, rises the issue of the importance of making an informed closing as the consequences of the choices made have a direct influence on the health standards of a large number of people.For this purpose, and to aid health services to make a well informed policy restructuring decision, the authors Rundall et al. have presented the concept of the Informed Decision Toolbox which facilitates the use of research evidence in decision making. the Informed Decision Toolbox is a set of standardized tools that instruct policy makers at health organizations on how they can find, access and adapt

The Emphasis Of English Perfect Tenses In Academic Writing Essay - 1

The Emphasis Of English better Tenses In Academic Writing - Essay Example dewy-eyed award conveys what is happening nowadays only. Simple future would give an expectation of something that is going to happen in the future at once. Basically, all of the mere(a) tenses tell about something would happen one time either in the past, present, or future. (Azar, B., 2002)Past, present, and future unadulterated tenses give the action a long time of occurrence. Consequently, they give they action pass completion of the proceeding. Present ideal expresses an action that happened in the past and something still present of it nowadays. Past perfect couriers when the action happened in the removed past and somewhat from that action stayed until the near past. Finally, future perfect articulates the action in the future and states something that get out stay further as ca applyd by the action. Overall, perfect tenses have two points that give the action completion of the proceeding. ( Azar , B., 2002)Recently, studies argue that the simple past should be used instead of the perfect tense in Media, the use of Perfect tense in police reporting media case was subject to objection as was thought to be inappropriate. (Ritz, M A., 2010)The objection over the use of present tense is of standard and non-standard English. Different websites and opposite writers wrote about the situation in the same content, but strangely not provided evidence for how the use of present tense is not valid according to the linguistic rules. The reporting should be evident and should have a straight approach, the argument described in the perfect tenses are not evident and evoke predictions, which is why termed as non-standard. But for the better knowing it is not necessary for the perfect tense to be boundless only. The perfect tenses are not only progressive but can be bounded era being continuous it entirely depends on the use made.

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity Essay - 2

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity - Essay ExampleThe authors of these two articles are supporting the same typesetters case but in different ways. First and foremost is the duration of the material, Zinczenkos article is preferably brief and reads very much like a discussion or a conversational blog posting. However, Linn and Novosats article is much more scientific and literary bureau of their very similar arguments.Zinczenko takes the most direct route and blames the consumption of spendthrift food directly is the cause of the childhood obesity. He argues that as a child he was a latchkey kid, a term in the 1970s and 1980s to describe children of, usually, single parent households, who are left to care from themselves when their guardian is at work they used to keep the house keys are a string around their necks, hence the name (Zinczenko, 391-392). He offers a number of supporting factors that do benefit his argument. Firstly, he explains that his personal exper ience as a latchkey child, he understood how fast food becomes the quickest, most convenience, and, often, the cheapest way to feed hungry children. The great statistics of children in economically depressed environments are even more likely to consume larger portions of the fast foods available. However, the flaw in Mr. Zinczenko argument is that no one is likely to deny that if a child or anyone was to consume fast food for every meal of the day may ultimately develop wellness problems and obvious weight gain. He, also, makes the correlation between childhood obesity, fast food, and the ever increasing numbers of diabetes cases among children (Zinczenko 391-393).Linn and Novosats article is a much more scientific and formal research work. It is considerably longer, detailed, offering statistics, and averages of quiz and studies performed. They do not blame the fast food items and products directly, the way that Zinczenkos article did, but rather the specific advertising that is geared specifically towards children regarding fast food

Library research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library research - Essay archetypeJimenez, E., Tejeda, A., Blanco, J. and Martinez, E. Application of execute mathematical product with VSM to the Rioja wine firmament. International Journal of Production Research 50.7 (2012) 1890-1904. Print. The article reports on a study on the go for of lean take in wine sector in La Rioja. Its subject, lean production is a theory that aims at achieving economic utilization of resources towards optimum production aims, is a topic in operations management. The authors focus on lean production in a different sector from the theorys traditional exertion of application and investigate potential use of the lean production theory for economic utility of resources in the La Riojas wine sector towards optimum benefits. Operations management however defines management of processes in production and transportation of goods and services to users and this incorporates lean production concepts at the managements production stage. The authors identify significance of lean production in attaining competitiveness and efficiency and the fact that lean production has not been popular in many sectors. The theory establishes and eliminates all activities and processes in a production that do not benefit the process. Using Main pullulate Mapping, the authors demonstrates applicability of lean production in La Riojas wine sector with the objective of reservation inference from the ensues. Lean production was developed in Japans motor vehicle industry but its advantages such as lower change periods, better working environments, quality workforce and unblemished improvement initiatives has extended its popularity and application in other industries. Results show reduction in raw materials that explicate and quality test process aids as well as lower inventory level for the organizations in the regions wine sector. A number of benefits to the sector are attributed to the lean production strategy and examples include lower overall prod uction lead-time that can reduce by up to 60 percent, lower cost of raw materials from reduced volume, and this decrease can be as much as 13 percent of an organizations expenditure on raw materials. The production approach withal reduces losses and depreciation in materials value over the production process and facilitates communication between baffling parties and departments in a production process. Improved efficiency in space and equipment utilization and better tryst of human resources across the production process are other identified benefits from the study. The results are valid because of their model in the target population with positive outcomes (Jimenez, Perez, Blanco and Martinez 1890- 1902). The article demonstrates the role of operations management, through lean production, in organizations production efficiency and profitability. It identifies efficiency through improvements in production activities and processes such as economical utility of time, space and hum an resource and improved quality that is also a result of the efficiency. This corresponds to the overall management objective, considering operations management as a branch of management, of reducing overall be and improving overall revenues. The article therefore explains the role of oper

Pascal and the Probability Theory Research Paper

pappa and the Probability Theory - seek Paper ExampleHis father introduced him to Mathematics when he was 15 years old. Despite this fact, he had started make discoveries in geometry as early as 12 years. Come 1939, his family moved to Rouen aft(prenominal) his father was name a tax collector. His creativity was exhibited at this point, whereby he was able to invent a calculator so as to make his fathers work easier during his day to day endeavors. Later in 1647, Pascal conducted and wrote about experiments concerning vacuums, further many scientists disregarded the existence of vacuums. For instance, the great French philosopher Rene Descartes visited Pascal for 2 old age and disagreed with him concerning the vacuum. In a letter Descartes wrote to Huygens after this encounter, he asserts that Pascal had too much vacuum in his head1. This did not deter him from pursuing mathematics and science in 1653, he published a treatise on the equilibrium of Liquids. Pascal youthfulr inv ented Pascals Triangle, a triangular forces of numbers which solves mathematical chores. He would later become interested in probability after a gambling question was projected to him. In correspondence with another great scientist Fermat, they were able to solve the problem of points how to divide stakes in a game of dice if the game is incomplete. Pascal almost lose his life in 1654, and this affected him psychologically to the point of being a staunch Christian. eve after setting the ground for the theory of probability, Pascal quit Mathematics to pursue a quieter Christain life in a monastery in Paris. He never married. He succumbed in 1662 to malignant stomach ulcers. Introduction Even from an early age, Pascal was curious about natural occurrences, and he formulated experiments to study these occurrences. Pascal canvas fluids, pure and applied sciences, pressure and machines, among other scientific principles. While still a teenager in 1642, Pascal had begun ground-break ing work on calculating machines. At first, his attempts failed, but he finally managed to invent the robotic calculator three years later2. This simply shows that Pascal was able to invent scientific principles from an earlier age. However, 1 of Pascals greatest invention is in the field of Mathematics is the Theory of Probability, a theory that is centered on estimating and calculating the play of doing something. For example, if 6 men are playing dice, what is the demote that separately of them can win the game? And if at all two are eliminated, what is the chance that each of the remaining four will win the game? Probability centers on such occurrences. The theory of probability was advanced so as to prove the fact that chance can be mathematically figure accurately. Various facets in the modern world apply probability. This is not just in mathematics courses, but it is withal applicable in the practical courses like genetics, quantum mechanics, kinetic theory of gases, i ndustrial quality stop and insurance.This paper dwells on the history of the probability theory, and how Pascal contributed to this theory, and how his findings were shaped by other great scientists who were also researching on the theory. Pascals involvement with probability dates back to 1654 when another scientist, Chevalier challenged him to solve a puzzle which at that time was known as the problem of points. This problem had been posed in the late 1400s and no one had managed to solve it for a period of 200 years. The problem was that how the stakes of a chance game should be divided

Logistic assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Logistic assignment - Essay ExampleIn future, the group plans to get into the process of higher takes of difficulties. According to the plan, with prior approval of umpire, the companionship plans to move into level two and then level three. The strategy has both strengths and weaknesses.The strengths of the strategy undertaken by the company at present, is that the company is involved in producing the standardised model. It means the methodologies involved be relatively simpler. So, the production is higher. Also, the greet of retentiveness is comparatively lesser and there are no such wastage of resources for reworks, machine down times and scrap. The cost of labour is much lower in the present level of difficulty. Also, it is found that the semi fixed cost are also lower in the first level of difficulty. As the products are standardised, the demand of the products are also higher by almost double.Apart from the strengths, there are also many weaknesses cogitate with the pres ent strategy. As the present strategy caters to the standard model of products, the market is getting to be extinct sooner or later. Therefore, the company have to diversify into advanced models. Also, in the present strategy, the production efficacy is lower.As there were both positives as well as negatives for the present strategy, the manufacturing group is moving towards the developed strategy which includes modern concepts like that of forecasting, scheduling and capacity.Forecasting Though often thought to be also and confused, forecasting is much different from goal. Forecasting is the way to predict the happenings in the future. Forecasting is part of the finis making mechanism of the company. The major implementation of the function of forecasting is that in the inventory control, requirements of manpower and the woof of capacity and the location of facility (Loerch, n.d.).It is good for the manufacturing group that it has incorporated forecasting with in the future

Small scale action research study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

belittled subdue action research study - Essay ExampleFindings V. Analysis and Interpretation VI. Conclusion and Recommendations sensitive Scale Action Research Study I. Introduction This research study deals with how years 1 and 2 primary school children in my school approach yarn these children are aged five to sixer years. The research study is aimed at not only finding out how their reading skills dismiss be improved, but also how this relates to the previous reading levels in my school. Reading among these children has been gradually deteriorating with time. It has been characterized by several arduousies. The reputation of these reading problems coincides with what most reputable scholarly researchers have already studied sometime back cons in relation to this. The nature of the problems of readers who are struggling is quite complex. Over time, study has indicated that the complexity emanates from the individual differences that are present within any group that unde r disciplines a reading. The reading struggle among the children is characterized by the different approaches, skills, and dispositions. This makes it difficult for those reading to make sense of the print. Studies continue to reveal that both poor decoding and poor knowledge are among examples of aspects that struggling readers may posses. Besides, they also have difficulties in both vocabulary and language skills (Allington and McGill-Franzen, 2009, p. 221). Since kinsfolk 2010, the early on Reading Research (ERR) has been used in my school. Since the time it was introduced, I have taken ancestry of reading improvement among the children. The schools has precept assistants who are not only experienced, but also industrious, and have very been surprised by the steps of improvement in reading levels attained by the children up to this far. I am still not certain of the fact that the National Literacy system is the best approach to reading in our schools, due to the observed wo rsening trend of the reading level among the children. Before the National Literacy Strategy came into force, there was another Reading programme referred to as the Early Reading Research by Essex pastureland. and so the research question in this study is how effective is the Early Reading Research (ERR) by Essex Lea in solving the reading problem of children in my school? Interest for this area of study is move by the outcomes of the recently carried out research by the Essex Lea and the Leverhulme Trust on the efficiency of the Early Reading Research in comparison to other reading programmes. The study was based on schoolroom empirical investigations that was carried out on a large scale basis coupled with small scale cases to establish how childrens learning could be impacted with various principles of instruction. Apart from establishing the most efficient methods of teaching reading, Early Reading Research was also used in examining not only the level to which age and skill reading targets could be reached by each child, but also the prevention of particular difficulties in reading. This research study encompasses various sections that reveal the literature review, method of data collection, findings, analysis and interpretation, and conclusion unitedly with recommendations. II. Literature Review a. The Significance of Reading Most people do not just take reading lightly, but also they do not easily see how difficult life can be for those who have not read. Print is available at almost every place that surrounds us that is on adverts, shop names, product instructions and novels, just to mention but a

Film Lost in Translation Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Lost in Translation - Movie Re attitude ExampleIn fact, the impression clearly traffics in stereotypes, but it does depart from the Hollywoods tradition of cutalism. However, in the narration film, there is not ofttimes complexity as According to several critics, Sofia Coppolas Oscar-winning film Lost in Translation light uponms to quarter the Japanese culture in an American means and there is essential distortion to several aspects of the advanced Japanese culture all through the film. While the vast majority of critics give their thumbs up for this subject area hit, few critics of essential consideration voice interesting opinions to the contrary and criticize the films var. of the Japanese culture. Whereas there is no question about the quality of the production, all the controversy concerning the film results from the appearance the Japanese culture is presented in the film. It is truly a very significant modern illustration of the image of Orientalism which Said held decades before. Thus, the two lead characters of the photo are criticized as exemplifying the Americans abroad with a intelligence of superiority and shameless ignorance. There are some important critics of the movie who strongly argue that the movie is racist in some ways and many scenes in the film support such an argument. numerous of the jokes rely heavily on the stereotypes of Japanese, and seem to parade modern Japanese culture as something erroneous Many scenes in the film do support this argument i.e. the movie as racist. For instance, sour grass and Charlotte read fun of the inability of the Japanese people to distinguish Rs and Ls. If you consider the situation in reverse, you could perhaps see how offensive this might be to some Another scene at a Japanese restaurant, Bob takes advantage of the fact that the Japanese chef cannot understand English. He not only tells Charlotte to take one of her plaza off, but also yells condescendingly at the chef (Suematsu). Therefore, one identifies, all through the film, several instances of the American way of viewing the Eastern culture, specifically the Japanese culture. Saids notion of Orientalism helps one in understanding the American view of the Japanese culture and supports the important argument that the movie is racist in some ways. The ideas, cultures, and histories of the East are understood or studied in the West through configurations of power and there was an essential westward endeavor through which the Orient was created - or it caused, in the words of Said, the Orientalized concepts of the East. The relationship between Occident and Orient is a relationship of power, of domination, of varying degrees of a complex hegemony (Said 1978, P. 5).Lost in Translation can be significantly comprehended as making a major

Managing Health and Safety Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing Health and rubber eraser - Dissertation ExampleSome situations may be emergencies, which definitely require a proactive procedure. Emergencies should be prevented as much as possible and that is why it is important to break what might be an emergency, or what might lead to an emergency. If an emergency or a safety neediness does arise, it is detrimental that systems and policies be in place. This will not only avoid confusion and lack of readiness and education, it will minimize injuries, accidents, and liabilities.Measures of venture control should be taken. This can be accomplished by identifying what is missing or inadequate, using jural requirements and policies/guidelines as means of measurement, and based on findings, come up with recommendations.The theoretical foundation for security is to determine every possible loss event and in order to plan, develop, implement, enforce, and maintain systems, policies, and procedures. There is tremendous need because we liv e in a very fast-paced world full of information, technology, increase population, higher offensive rates, increased poverty, different morals and standards, etc. Times have changed especially after 9/11, companies are more aware of security, safety, and issues. Levin (2, 5) states, Another area that is providing growth opportunities is combating the rapidly evolving styles of theft and fraud. New forms of loss events practically involve technology such as high-end audio-visual surveillance and cyber-tracking equipment. Due to increased technology, identity theft is something that we normally never had to deal with before.

Many studies show that social background determines pupils' success Essay

Many studies show that social background determines pupils success and it has been suggested that Class Does Matter in ed - Essay ExampleRecently, some approaches came into picture which focused on a) Raising the aspirations of working-class individuals, and b) On the variegation of the reading market. Here, both these approaches are reviewed as well as analyzed. As an effort to find the fix to this situation, the previous Labor governance aimed to drive up the standards through the diversification of the market and increased competition. The government took various initiatives including the academic program, and further freeing of the market through allowing schools to gain their independence from local authorities. At this time came the concept of free schools which in turn helped in analyzing emerging literature works as well as standards. At this point in time, the concept of the marketization of education worked perfectly as desire as per the closing of the social class gap in the field of education, and giving a stronger buying power to the middle-classes (Huat See, 2004). It increased their ability to play the game successfully to their various social and cultural capitals. earliest Reforms During the decade between the 1980s and the 1990s, the then functioning governments made a lot of standard changes to the education system of UK (DCSF, 2009). Some of these standard mechanisms included representation of parents on governing bodies, parental choice and creating a link between student enrolment numbers and school funding so as to keep going the gap. The explicit aim tooshie designing these reforms was the cash advance of pupil achievement. The policy makers have also been touch about the existence of poor basic skills found in the UK workforce, in comparison to other nations, specially amongst the younger population. Keeping in view all these issues, a nationwide standard curriculum was introduced by the government for the students in the age group of 7-16, so as to ensure that every student canvas a minimum component of the curriculum (DCSF, 2009). In recent decades, higher(prenominal) education (HE) has been an important policy area, subjected to frequent reforms. As per the prevailing trend, higher education has been reserved as an area meant only for the higher socio-economic groups. Although, the recent decades have witnessed a gradual rise in HE participation, the lower socio-economic groups still nock low on relative participation. Additionally, there is enough evidence to support the fact that the economic respect attached with HE has not collapsed on account of its expansion. Indeed, the value of degree returns has remained very much intact during the period. Beginning from the late 1980s, a number of policy changes have been introduced in the education system of Britain (Huat See, 2004). Depending upon the sheath of educational system, the main content of these policy changes went through time based varia tions. However, the ultimate goal behind these changes was the creation of a standard policy framework which would make it mandatory for all schools and colleges to adopt the improvement agenda, as prescribed by Labour as well as Conservative Governments. The FEFC (Further Education supporting Council) has made an attempt to achieve the below given goals through the adoption of funding mechanism (DCSF,

The leadership of jesus Essay Example for Free

The leadership of jesus probeIn Matthew chapter 10 verse two to four, a list of 12 disciples were given. It was also in this chapter that Matthew explains for each one of their skills and experiences as well as their character traits. Alter out the New Testament and the small(a) as the gospel of the Roman Catholic Church which we practice today, in the 12 disciples ar regularly cited and are often even the central themes of the stories (Singer-Towns, 2005).It is these disciples where the story of Jesus had been built upon, and if it had not been for them, more of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church would be lost. The gospel writers themselves, even, of course many already know are also members of the 12 disciples. It would therefore be an interesting discussion for our purpose of understanding the leadership style of Jesus on why he had the 12 disciples to follow him in the first place (Nouwen, 1993).It is in the book of Matthew that we once more understand the purp ose of Jesus on why he had elect the 12 disciples. They have been exposit as recruits, and the Roman Catholic Church through various studies of scholars over the centuries had identified that Jesus had chosen 12 in order to become the fishers of men (Nouwen, 1993). This style of leadership of Jesus could be moreover understood when we finally realize that many modern-day companies and businesses rely on apprenticeship stages.This is of course extremely obvious in large corporations when there are single identifi fit leaders. This leadership style of Jesus but exemplifies and identifies that if we are the ones who are leading, it does not necessarily fall unto our shoulders each and every single task for all eternity (Clinton, 2006). Delegation is the key word for the concept here, and it is through delegation that we discover that leadership does not necessarily have to be doing everything right all the time by yourself.In our modern-day setting, many of the owners of corporatio ns and the heads of business ventures and organizations think so highly of themselves that they have the opinion that they could be the only ones who could be able to produce results and achieve the goals of the company. However, what these leaders need to identify and understand is that delegation in the choosing of the disciples could perhaps be a wise option for it not only creates a more efficient setting for a company, but also increases productivity levels of individuals and groups.

Cultural Identity Interview and Analysis Essay Example for Free

Cultural Identity Interview and digest EssayAn wonder with a member of the Mexican American community was conducted on December 1st, 2007. This explore will provide a summary of that interview particularly, it will include a description of the rules, norms, traditions, and determine of Mexican American kitchen-gardening.The research will also discuss a) how the assumptions regarding cultural norms affect the interviewees way in his daily life b) any disadvantages related to his socialisation being outside the norm and how he reacts to that c) any advantages related to being assimilated to the normative agriculture and how he reacts d) his sources of strength or support e) an abbreviation of the four dimension surmise and how it relates to the interviewees life. Finally, the research will provide some insight on how one can effectively communicate with people of a nonher(prenominal) cultures.In fact, communication with various members that decease to other ethnic grou ps (i. e. Arab Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, etc) may be difficult some at quantify because of the cultural difference that exists betwixt the groups. Jose Luis Aguilar was born in Tijuana, Mexico on January 7th, 1972. Mexican is the ethnic group he belongs. He lived in Mexico for 29 years. In 2001, he immigrated in Los Angeles, California. Job opportunities, presence of family members, and the presence of a massive Mexican community were the factors that brought him to immigrate into the United States.Mexican Americans are the largest Hispanic or Hispanic ethnic group in the United States. concord to the 2000 Census, approximately 20 million Hispanic or Latinos of the 35 million in the United States are Mexican Americans (U. S. Census, 2000). Mr. Aguilars native lecture is Spanish. However, during the departed years spent in California, he was adapted to learn basic English, although it remains a secondly language as the majority of the Mexican American w ho live in the United States.Richard Schaefer stated as of 2002, about 23 percent of Mexican Americans are English dominant, 26 percent are bilingual, and 51 percent are Spanish dominant (Schaefer, 2006, p. 241). Mr. Aguilars religion is Catholic. Indeed, Mexican Americans represent the largest number of Catholic immigrants to the United States comes from Mexico Mexico also sends the largest number of Protestant immigrants to the United States (Murray, 2006). Mr. Aguilar is married. He has a 1 year-old give-and-take.Aguilars family has a decrepit organization as the same as other many Mexican American families have. According to Kathleen Niska, Mexican Americans Families continuity was characterized by mothers doing tasks inside the house, fathers doing tasks outside the house, and both parents performing toddler and early childishness tasks (Niska, 2001). One of the Mexican traditions that Mr. Aguilar mentioned during the interview was quinceanera. This ritual is celebrated in c hurch when women reach the age of 15 to thank God that they arrived to this stage of their lives.Similar to a wedding day celebration, the celebration of a girls 15th birthday is a major event in most Hispanic girls lives as it means that she begins her jaunt to adulthood (Mattel, 2001). They are ready to get married. The ritual of quinceanera is viewed not only as a move to strengthen faith and family but also as a means to prevent teen pregnancies. A quinceanera also allows for sending a message of sexual responsibility (NC Times, 2008). Mr. Aguilar is an independent contractor mainly for substantial estate management companies. He provides general maintenance services at $10 an hour.So far, he had limited choices regarding the jobs (e. g. janitorial, landscaping, and maintenance) he could do since he moved into United States. Lack of education and his pending experimental condition with INS (he has not received his green card yet, work permit only) were the obstacles that di d not allow him to obtain correct paid jobs. According to David Spener, Mexican immigrant workers play an important economic role inside the United States as well. They constitute a significant portion (8 percent) of the total U. S. manufacturing work force (Spener, 2000). Mexican Americans are unremarkably have been seen by American companies as cheap labor.Mr. Aguilar shared that members of his culture had been affected by any form of racism, damage or discrimination. In particular, he pointed out the bilingualism issue and the tension that the suggest 227 created among his community. Proposition 227 went into effect in 1998 and required that all public school instruction had to be in English. A) How do assumptions about cultural norms impact your interviewees behavior on a e preciseday keister? Mr. Aguilar pointed out how one particular assumption regarding Mexican Americans culture affects his life on a day-to-day basis.He mentioned that one of his cousins was a gang memb er he was killed months ago. A popular assumption is that Mexican American gang membership is generational which means the membership from a father to a son or from a family member to another one. Therefore, based on this assumption, people believe that he is a gang member. So, Mr. Aguilars behavior is direct to prevent anything that may mislead people in this sense, e. g. wear adequate to(p) red or blue, or specific clothing, or having tattoos. B) Does your interviewee recognize any repugns or disadvantages related to her/his culture being outside the norm?How does he/she respond to those challenges? Similar to several other fellow Mexican Americans, Mr. Aguilar is able to communicate in his native language without learning English properly. In fact, Spanish language is putting greenly spoken in the city of Los Angeles. Almost every place (grocery stores, restaurants, public offices, and so forth) has signs and directions in Spanish language. This massive promotion of Mr. Aguila rs native language in the United States encouraged by Mass Media represents a disadvantage. Radio and television have also been factors that allowed Mexican Americans, as Mr.Aguilar, to maintain their legitimate cultural values. In fact, in 2004, thither were over 678 Spanish language radio stations compared to 1982, when there were 12 Spanish language television stations in the United States. This number more than three-fold within 10 years. Several artists (e. g. Jennifer Lopez or Shakira) helped to promote their cultures by singing in their traditional languages (Jandt, 2007). Mr. Aguilar has responded to this challenge by enrolling himself in an adult school in order to improve his English. However, as of today, he is lock away struggling to write, read and speak English fluently.C) Does your interviewee recognize any privileges or advantages associated with assimilating to the normative culture? How does he/she react to that recognition? Mr. Aguilar recognized that being ass imilated to the normative culture has some advantages. In particular, he stated that a positive aspect is that immigrants learn the language of the normative culture they are able to avoid any form of isolation and segregation. Furthermore, these immigrants likely will not face any prejudice from the dominant society as he experienced during his stay in the United States. During the interview Mr.Aguilar recalled a few family acquaintances with 3rd generation sons and daughters who had an adaptation in the American culture different compared to their parents. In fact, they were able to go to school, learn the language, get a college education, and obtain a good job. They became a part of the American culture. In fact, they celebrate the 4th of July and the Thanksgiving, which are truly American holidays. They also had to learn about maestro sports other than Mexican soccer. He now is also watching baseball, basketball, and American football games. D) What does that person consult a s being sources of strength or support?Mr. Aguilar cited church and family as his sources of strength or support. As many others fellow Mexicans Americans, Mr. Aguilar gives exceptional importance to religion and family on a day-to-day basis he is very active in his community especially with humanitarian initiative promoted by his catholic church. Mr. Aguilar is very family orientated. He tries to spend as much time as possible with his family it may be common to see him doing business with his families around. E) An analysis of the four dimension theory and how it relates to the interviewees life A theory from the course that was well related to Mr.Aguilars interview is the four dimensions of culture by Geert Hofstede. Particularly, Aguilars interview confirmed that in the Mexican culture masculinity is predominant, mostly collect its history. Mexican families were mainly patriarchal therefore men were in charge of the family they were working to provide money and food while women were at home taking care of the children. Mexican culture is based more on collectivism due mainly to the fact that more people with financial difficulties seek to one another for help or gather together (e. g. two or three families living in the same apartment).Power outmatch is embodied in the Mexican culture. Mexico is a developing country with significant financial problems. The difference between people (e. g. poor and rich people) is well marked. Finally, the fourth dimension, uncertainty avoidance, is correlated to religion and history of the cultures (Jandt, 2007). roman type Catholic Christian cultures and cultures with Romance languages (e. g. Mexico) tend to score high. In conclusion, communication with various members that belong to other ethnic groups may be difficult at times because of the cultural difference that exists between the groups.However, comprehensive language can be an effective way to communicate with such members. Mr. Aguilar and the interviewer are f rom different culture backgrounds. There were times during the interview where inclusive language was used to avoid miscommunication. Choosing the right words when communicating with members who have different backgrounds may help to prevent miscommunication that may end up stereotyping them on the basis of race, gender, disability, religion, or other factors.Furthermore, conducting research and gathering information on members with different backgrounds may help not only to overcome language issues but also can assist people in bonny more culturally sensitive. References Jandt, F. E. (2007). An introduction to intercultural communication (5th ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications Mattel Inc. (2001, May). Happy fifteenth quinceanera barbie mattels girls office launches first hispanic-tradition theme barbie doll. Retrieved on January 11, 2008 from http//www. shareholder.com/mattel/news/20010515-43065.cfm Murray, B. (2006, January). Latino Religion in the U. S. Demographic Shi fts and Trends. Retrieved on expansive 19, 2007 from http//www. facsnet. org/issues/faith/espinosa. php Niska, K. (2001). Mexican American Family Survival, Continuity, and Growth The Parental Perspective. Retrieved on August 19, 2007 from http//nsq. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/14/4/322 NC Times. com (2008, January). For Latino Catholics, Quinceanera ritual provides lessons on faith, family - and sex. Retrieved on January 11, 2008 from http//www. nctimes.com/articles/2008/01/05/faith/17_56_271_3_08. txt Schaefer, R. T. (2006). Racial and Ethnic Groups. New island of Jersey Prentice-Hall Spener D. (2000). Mexican labor at the center of North American economic integration. Retrieved on August 19, 2007 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3688/is_200007/ai_n8892489 U. S. Census Bureau (2000). Profile of General Demographic Characteristics2000. Retrieved on August 19, 2007 from http//factfinder. census. gov/servlet/QTTable? _bm=y- geo_id=01000US-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1- ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U.

Professional Negligence Case Notes Essay Example for Free

Professional Negligence Case Notes EssayIn congenator to professed(prenominal) negligence the concept of the reasonable man becomes that of the reasonable headmaster. The reasonable man will normally wish the achievement and dearise acquired by the professional. These professional men and women atomic number 18 non only required to add reasonable care but also to measure up to the standard of competency that can be expected from such professionals-that is the standard of, for example the reasonable lactate or the reasonable solicitor.The Irish commanding Court considered the issue of Medical Negligence in The in upshot of Dunne v. The National Maternity Hospital 1989 IR 91 and set out the standard of care in what we call professional negligence. In this case the plaintiff sued the hospital, claiming that he had suffered severe brain damage while being delivered, due to the negligence of the go to doctors.The Chief Justice set out the standard of care required from h ealth check doctors (and equally other(a) professionals) as The true test for establishing negligence in the diagnosis or treatment on the disunite of a medical practiti singler is whether he has been proved to be guilty of such failure as no medical practitioner of equal specializer or cosmopolitan status and acquirement would be guilty of if acting with ordinary care Page 109Thus the courts rely on what is reasonable among the profession. In determining what is reasonable for a nurse in any circumstances the courts will consider whether the nurse acted in accordance with popular and trus cardinalrthy coiffure. Generally if they have acted in accordance with general and accepted lend oneself wherefore the nurse will non be negligent.In the Dunne case the Chief referee as expressed this If an allegation of negligence against a medical practitioner is based on conclusion that he deviated from a general and accepted practice, that will not establish negligence unless it is also proved that the hightail it he did take was one which no medical practitioner of like specialisation and expertness would have followed had he been taking ordinary care required from a person of his qualifications If a medical practitioner charged with negligence defends his conduct by establishing that he followed a practice which was general, and hich was approved of by his colleagues of similar specialisation and skill, he cannot escape liability if in reply the plaintiff establishes that such practice has inherent defects which ought to be obvious to any person giving the matter due consideration. An honest contravention of opinion between doctors as to which is the better of two ways of treating a forbearing does not bear any ground for leaving to the jury or judge as to whether a person who has followed one course rather than the other has been negligence.It is not for a jury or judge to decide which of two alternative courses of treatment is in their or his opin ion preferable, but their (or his) function is merely to decide whether the course of treatment followed, on the narrate, complied with the careful conduct of a medical practitioner of like specialisation and skill to that professed by the defendant. This comprises a major statement by the Irish Supreme Court as regards to the general principles in relation to professional negligence. A number of points might be line of workd in relation to these principles 1.It was accepted that general and approved practice need not be universal but it must be approved of, and implemented by, a substantial number of the profession holding the relevant specialist or general qualification 2. A professional may deviate from general and approved practice although with the limitation that it should not be one that no medical practitioner of like specialisation and skill would have followed had he been taking ordinary care required from a person of his qualifications This provision acknowledges the temper of professional work and the need to employ discretion in order to advance professional organic evolution 3.It is expert evidence that determines what general and approved practice is. In the case of a professional that is evidence of fellow members of the profession. These principles have been upheld by the Irish courts on a number of occasions Example Healy v The North -western wellness Board (unreported, High Court, 31 January 1996, Flood J) Facts this case concerned a deflexion of opinion as regards what course of action should have been followed in the fell of a entally ill diligent. It was contended that the Health board was negligent in the discharge of the plaintiffs father who committed suicide adjacent discharge. This man had been admitted to a psychiatric hospital suffering from printing and was discharged after nine days. It was claimed that the discharge procedure was not properly conducted. This procedure in relation to a patient suffering from depressio n involved consideration of the potential risk of suicidal traits.An expert witness concluded that the hospital notes did not appear to show a proper opinion of risk had been undertaken antecedent to discharge. Apart from one note there was no evidence that staff carried out a suicide risk assessment. Another expert was of the view that it was not sufficient to ask the patient about suicide especially when there were some(a) pointers towards suicidal opinions. Expert witnesses said that in relation to suicide assessment there were two schools of thought .One school believed that the process of suicide risk assessment must be a established one consisting of consistent and continuous inquiry into the mental state of the patient . The discharge must be as a result of an informed decision accompanied by the risk assessment The countenance school of thought expressed a more easy approach, including discussion with other healthcare professional involved in care and employing a check list approach.The practice in many parts of Ireland was of the more informal nature and if the patient did not bring up the issue then it was not followed by merely head teachers. The court in deciding the question applied the principles stated in the Dunne case. The test applied then was whether the defendant acted with ordinary care of an equally competent practitioner as to the administration of a general practice approved by a substantial amount of practitioners of like skill and specialisation. The principles in the Dunne case state that a difference of opinion is no grounds to establish liability.Applying these principles to the case the court held It was not up to the judge to decide which of two schools of thought the formal or informal was to be preferred. It was as yet inherent in both that the risk of suicide in a patient with depression was assessed prior to discharge. In this the court did not interfere in the professional judgement as to which form that assessment took but it was clear that it was general and approved practice that the risk of suicide was assessed prior to ischarge of a patient suffering from depression. In this instance the court accepted that the procedure was not incorrect but the question arose as to whether it was carried out in a manner that accorded with general and approved practice. The court held that there was no indication that the assessment had been carried out, as was good practice and noted in the patients clinical notes. There was no evidence then that the patient was in firm cave in.The court held the defendant negligent in not having carried out an assessment And, if he had carried out an assessment, it would have been inadequate or inadequately considered. There are a number of points that might be made in relation to this judgement-there were two aspects of the care of this patient that led the court to consider the defendants negligent 1 The hospital did not maintain proper clinical records on the plai ntiffs father 2 The decision that the patient was in firm remission was not supported by general and approved practice of assessment of risk of suicide

Compare how death is presented in three poems in the Anthology Essay Example for Free

Comp be how finale is presented in three poetrys in the Anthology hearThe three verse forms Remember by Christina Ros pay offti, Plena Timoris by Thomas insolent and Refugee Mother and Child by Chinua Achebe any portray death in different ways. Rossetti explores the acceptance of death, whereas, in Refugee Mother and Child we see the buckram hit it off the produce has for the child. In the metrical composition Plena Timoris the persona recalls how cut can be so complete that could lead to despair and death. What I found intriguing near these poesys was how experience could be both a dangerous and positive force towards the battleground of death. Love could drive a person to their grave entirely also turn in could be the will for a person to stay tough and never give up.Christina Rossetti a devote Anglican to whom church and family were paramount. It is kn bear that two marriage proposals which did not live up to her religious fervour therefore she dour them down. Because of her religion Rossetti appears to have been obsessed with her own pending death in this poem. Her belief was that death was the ultimate object for e reallyone, and because of such(prenominal) she very much planned her own pending death. The structure of this poem was in a Pertrachan Italian sonnet form.In this form poems are meant to be very structured and are need of following a strict create verbally scheme. nonetheless there was a change in hoar scheme between the eight and sestet. In the octet the phrase Remember me was mentioned three times, but a sudden change was then noticed, as in the sestet Forget me was repeated twice. This change is apply to suggest the possibility of forgetting and organism happy kinda having instructions to remember. This could show even before her death she was still doubtful between secular love and materialistic love.Chinua Achebe is a proud Nigerian who observed the civil war in his country and repulsive suffering of the innocent refugees. In Refugee Mother and Child he relates the sadness of death between a child and a mother by writing in free verse. The line length of the unanimous entire poem was three lines. In the first stanza there is only one sentence, and in the h nonagenarian out stanza two sentences were present. These long sentence increases the intensity on the images and also the enjambment suggests the suffering of these innocent refugees.Plena Timoris is set within the conservative morality of Victorian England where women had a subordinate and dependent position in a male patriarchal world. Hardy uses different tones throughout the poem to evoke how he thinks about love. He sees love in a very cynical view and is making an effort in portrait love is not everlasting but tragic and indecisive. In the first stanza the use of initial rhyme in the lovers looked over emphasizes love was lyrical and a harmony of life by the l sound produced. plainly in the second stanza onwards there was a sudden transition and the change of tone was turned emotionless and insensitive.From the phrase, Theres a woman in the canal below there is a sense of bluntness and matter of fact to it. This sudden contrast of tones between the stanzas just enforces how Hardy thinks about love. The rhyme scheme of this poem does not change, the structure is abbab, cddcd. It is in a strict and orderly fashioned. This rhyme scheme reflects how Hardy feels abut love and death. That love would have happy times but at the end it will just lead to despair. Also by having such a strict rhyme scheme it also suggest how Hardy views women opinion in love. As this structure is so old fashioned it provides a kind of security and how the future is being set. This may be very well how women in the male patriarchal world viewed love therefore he viewed love in such a cynical way.In the poem Remember, Rossetti portrays death as an eternal and a beautiful thing, preferably of fearing death like the other tw o poems. The persona appears to have been planning and waiting for her own pending death. Rossetti uses strong imagery to reveal about how she feels about death. The opening two lines of this sonnet Remember me when I am gone away, Gone far away into the unfathomed land gives an idea of how she hints that she is dying. The phrase silent land could be translated as a cemetery or individual grave. It can also be seen as a metaphor as the phrase also suggests calm after life. All these techniques used by Rossetti could be seen that she is using euphemism to make death sound less harsh, and instead it is a goal that should be achieved by everyone.Whereas in the poem Refugee Mother and Child, Achebe reflects the sadness of death by creating a tragic atmosphere. This poem does so by introducing shocking images and strong words. In this poem it is full of pathos it is a very emotional poem. The alliteration used in struggling in labored steps lav blown empty bellies evokes a sense of har shness, as the b sound which is constantly repeated makes a very plosive sound. The juxtaposition used in the rust colored hair left on his skull emphasizes how horrific death is towards the child. Not only is this phrase very descriptive but it also seems to make the layers of death. It is very photo journalistic which makes the atmosphere very tragic and grave.In Plena Timoris death is conveyed in the strong imagery created by Hardy. The negative imagery in And her arm dropt symbolizes how because the woman in the poem sees love could lead to death it is in fear of it, therefore there is a loss of affection towards the man. The alliteration in dim dreads and slowly sees portrays a sense of insecurity coming from the woman. As she slowly sees how thoroughgoing love could lead the despair and death. Lastly, the phrase till an arm upbore in stanza two is a horrify image. The word upbore gives a sense of death and the whole phrase conveys a sense of fear towards the subject death as it is being described as horror and terror.In Remember the poem creates a huge impact on readers. It is a poem which is very memorable. This is because Rossetti describes death in a very different way than most poets therefore standing out from the other poems. The repetition in this poem emphasizes the point of her point of view and the confusion between her religion and materialistic love. The phrases Remember me and Forget me was repeated a number of times and because of such it plays a great role in the poem. As it gives an outcome on how Rossetti is judging between her church and her religious fervor.The strong descriptive imagery in the poem Refugee Mother and Child and the choices of word Achebe chooses makes this poem have a very strong impact on the reader. The beginning of the poem where allusion is used in No Madonna and Child could touch by referring to a famous painting of Jesus and Mother Mary, emphasizes the point of love between the bonds of the mother and child very strongly. Also the strong imagery in her eyes the ghost of a mothers disdain gives an impression of how the mother is hanging onto the childs life and as the child dies something inside the mother is dying too. These strong images are used often in Achebes poem, and because of such his poem have a strong impact on readers and this poem is very memorable.In Hardys poem it was very effective as the negative poetic techniques he uses describes about love in a very vivid and strong, also Plena Timoris gives an impact to readers because it shows very clearly the differences between love and death. The juxtaposition in till hopeless despair began gives a contrast between hope. By this phrase love is being described very negatively, and because of this the poem is very vivid in the readers mind. Also in the phrase the young womans heart shuddered it seemed as to free her. The semi colon used in this phrase is an mean pause to emphasize the sense of the womens heart actually shudder ing. Plena Timoris creates a strong impact on readers as the descriptive words he chooses allows the reader to imagine clearly what is happening.Personally I wish Refugee Mother and Child the most because Achebe boldly states that the human spirit and dignity of the Nigerian mother and the love she has for the child is greater than anything comparable in the Christian world. Though Hardys and Rossettis poem was not unforgettable pieces of work, I think Achebes is the better one because his comparisons stood out more than the ones Hardy had. Also the imagery he had and alliteration was stronger than Rossettis. By reading Achebes poem I matt-up and sympathized for the mother and child, and I thought the poets point was put forward very clearly on love and how strong it can be.

Cultural Issues in Middle School Essay Example for Free

Cultural Issues in Middle School EssayMiddle cultivate is one of the most difficult situations of transition. Middle schoolers ar awkward, hard to deal with and confused. They arent children but certainly non adults. They are egocentric to say the least and select little concern for the consequences of their actions. Yet, they are also one of the best ages to work with, if one is uncoerced to endeavor to understand their difficult lives. The culture in affection school plenty be scummy down as such(prenominal) sexuality, intellect, and social shape. Sexually, these students have to deal with their changing bodies and feelings.They also have to try to understand how these feelings and changes fit in appropriately at heart the community. This is the area they are most sensitive toward. Intellectually, students have to decide if being smart is something they are willing to do. In some environments, being smart is cool, so those students who are gifted have no trouble fit ting in. In other schools, these students are outcasts. When it is not cool to be smart, many students have a hard decision to make. If they show their gifts, they may give over social standing.When it is cool, the struggling students feel withal more left out and troubled. At times, these students may even act dumber to try to hide how much they truly struggle. Social status varies with each school environment. Wealth, possessions, address, family legacy and athletic ability are all indicators of success. Middle school is a contest and students are endlessly scrutinizing each other to see who will win, popularity being the prize, of course. There are leaders and followers the status symbols then change as the leaders themselves change.Whether it is the newest clothing label, shoe or track star, the culture of middle school is dominated by judgment. rating The Illuminative Model of valuation rests its assessment on do work. It appraises based on qualitative analysis of a situ ation in order to understand its initiation as distinctly as its conclusion. Thus, in order to evaluate a situation, one must observe the effects of the process not simply look at data. The following tools of assessment are based upon that computer simulation and are utilise to the curriculum overall. Several lessons will be used that typify the learning environment created within the classroom.Evaluation One How does this lesson provide skills that work outside the testing environment? To evaluate this lesson, the calendar of lessons was assessed. Questions were asked such as, how do the lessons flow and what overall messages are the students receiving? Can they define, find and apply the concepts discussed in class? Upon reviewing the lessons, they search to present isolated concepts. The correct unit is look into process and narrative writing techniques which are cardinal genres and should be taught separately. These lessons are trying to do way too much too fast.Middle sc hool students are more successful when you break the process down and connect it to real world reasons for terminate the work. If they wouldve started with day five, reading the memoir, then they could use the text to help define and find the language. Once they can do that, then they can apply the concepts such as writing dialogue, good word excerpt and using sensory language. The lesson plans as they are, present kindle skill sets but they arent connected to the gesture of, how do I apply this to reading and writing outside school.These skills might help them pass a test, but if you ask them to write dialogue, they will not know how. The non-fiction author board is a considerable idea but is not developed. They are completing tasks that have a function. This project should be heighten by having students read Georgia authors and doing actual research and a research project on their author. This history needs to be totally revamped in order to serve the real world needs of th e students. Evaluation Two Does this lesson connect to a radix environment? As is, there is no connection with the home environment.This will lessen the importance of the work and disconnect the families from what the students are learning. To enhance the process, when having the students write narratives, why not have them collect narratives from family members? This validates the home environment while creating an interest in the school environment at home. For the research section, they could research their family tree or conduct a survey at home regarding their familys favorite authors. The greater the involvement from the home, the greater opportunity to work with the family for the students well being.Evaluation Three What purpose does applied science serve? This also needs improvement. There is no use of technology which works against evaluative point number one. In the larger society, students must be technologically literate. Students should research using the internet, p resent their projects via power point, and utilize online oral history collections to hear memoirs. Computers should not only be used to type in language arts but should be used as a tool for diversification of learning styles and presentation methods. Conclusion Overall, the learning process in this curriculum model needs to be improved.The questions of evaluation, based on the Illuminative Model, show that the process is flawed. Although there are many interesting lessons, they dont flow together to teach an entire concept that can be applied to a real world learning situation. The terms need to be taught as part of an entire concept. Students can then define, find and apply what they have learned rather than simply be intermeshed for a 45 minute block of time. According to this model, students are more successful when the process is improved. The harvest-festival should be the last point of evaluation rather than the first.

Jane Cazneau Essay Example for Free

Jane Cazneau EssayHudson posits a Native the Statesn grandmother, although in that respect is no solid evidence of this. Her first marriage apparently dissolved, but there is no disarticulate record. She may or may not consume had an affair with Aaron Burr, an early mentor. Hudsons well-nigh significant bring is that Jane Storm is the journalist who coined the phrase manifest destiny (pp. 60-62). Hudson argues that later historians have simply assumed that bottom OSullivan wrote the Democratic Reviews many unsigned editorials.But Hudsons computer analysis (Appendix B) of OSullivans and Storms signed works shows that the grammatical errors in the famous editorial that first contained the phrase exhibit a much closer correlation with those ordinarily made by Storm than with those made by OSullivan. What is certain is that she migrated to pre-revolutionary Texas and speculated in land grants and immigration schemes. report under the pen name Montgomery (later, Cora Montgome ry), Storm became a regular correspondent of Moses Y.Beachs New York Sun. When contend broke out, Storm accompanied Beach and his daughter on a covert peace heraldic bearing to Mexico in late 1846. The Beach mission has coherent been clouded with uncertainty about its purposes and accomplishments, and so Storms business office in it is similarly in doubt. Nonetheless, she was clearly an important element, as neither of the Beaches knew Spanish and President mob K. Polk had a private interview with her after her return. After the war, Storm continued to favor U. S. xpansion into Latin America and the Caribbean, especially through annexation. Although Hudson maintains that Storm was not a strong proponent of All Mexico during the U. S. -Mexican War, some have credited her with leading the movement. She had contact with Cuban, Mexican, and Nicaraguan filibustering groups. She married diplomat Williams L. Cazneau in 1849 after a long acquaintance but still worked as a journalist fo r numerous publications, wrote about her travels, and remained active in Democratic Party politics.She secured a diplomatic mission to the Dominican Republic for her husband and worked with him to gain U. S. gate to Samana Bay. Jane Storm Cazneau died in a shipwreck during a storm at sea in 1878. umpteen questions about her activities and the extent of her influence remain unanswered. Barring the emergence of new documentary collections, Hudsons biography is the most complete picture of her life we are likely to have. As such it is a useful accession to the literature on nineteenth-century U. S. expansionism.

Koalas Essay Example for Free

Koalas EssayObamac ar, or what is formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, is federal legislation that was signed into legal philosophy on March 23, 2010 by present Barak Obama. The act aims to reform populational health care and give more(prenominal) people than before access to affordable health care. The e reallywhereall goal of the act is to cover all persons no matter of their conditions or other factors. The passing of Obamacare has led to much conflict in the government and throughout the nation. In particular, recently the act has been the root of heated disagreements and government unrest among the Democrats and Republicans. Obamacare, or the concept of a nation or statewide healthcare program, is non the first of its kind. The idea dates as far back as 1989 when it was proposed to Congress. Bill and Hillary Clinton had a similar objective in the 1990s and Mitt Romney made similar reforms in 2006 while the governor of Massachusetts. The Clintons health care plan was similar to Obamas in that they were discipline campaigns to provide universal healthcare. Also similar was the amount of controversy both drew up in the House as well as with the American people.The newly imposed ACA has many a nonher(prenominal) areas in which it aims to service of process those who cannot afford healthcare as well as better the healthcare system in the coarse as a whole. The main point of Obamacare is guaranteed issue of healthcare to all people and prohibits the denial of healthcare based on prior conditions. One benefit of Obamacare is allowing children to stay on their parents healthcare plan until sequence 26. Along with guaranteed coverage, Obamacare entrust institute an ex modify so individuals can compare prices of private insurances and purchase insurance. It is estimated that over 15 million men and women will be eligible for purchase of healthcare. Families that fall within a certain distance to the poverty line will b e compensated for choosing a insurance policy use this exchange. This is an incentive for people to utilize this plan and purchase healthcare.On the business side of things, Obamacare also pushes towards the nationalizing of healthcare. thither are penalties for businesses who employ over 5o employees and do not provide healthcare. Overall there are some(prenominal) efforts made in many areas of the country to push for healthcare for everyone in the United States. There are many areas in which families and individuals can benefit from the Affordable Care Act. According to ObamacareFacts, Americans making less than $45,960 or families making under $94,200 are eligible for free or low-cost insurance. Also, as a get out ofObamacare 24 million people will be exempt from the Individual Mandate which requires the purchase of health insurance. It is noted that anyone who feels they cannot afford healthcare will be covered under Obamacare and granted low-cost or free insurance. Dating b ack to 2008 the Democrats and Republicans had been on different sides of the national healthcare debate. The senate was close to passing the score to reform healthcare in 2009. The Democrats needed 60 votes to pass, but due to a series of events jumper cable to some members not fundinging the bill or not voting, the act was not passed. After go on delegation, what previously was a disagreement of terms and conditions had Republicans and Democrats in stark opposition to one another.All Democrats were slopped supports of the bill and Republicans adamantly opposed. Now, it is clear the side the Democrats take on the Affordable Care Act. The real capitulum is, why do Republicans oppose what appears to be such a proactive and achievable goal? The proposition is an intriguing one, and one that does not come one definite answer. The Republicans themselves say nothing more than that Obamacare will destroy the country. Such a powerful accusation in time no real explanation or furthe r comments lead only to more questions than answers on their true position. There are arguments that say the ACA is damaging to the economy, and that businesses cannot afford to spend any more money on healthcare. Another claim was that Obamacare was unconstitutional, although the Supreme judicatory overruled this idea. Sources outside the Republican Party see the Republicans dislike of Obamacare solely because they dislike Obama himself. They appear to be against Obamacare obviously just to be against Obama. Another theory is the tax add-ons that would come along with Obamacare.One rude(a) York propagation article highlights the real reason as to why Republicans are opposed to the Affordable Care Act. Eduardo door guard claims that Republicans are truly afraid that the American people will like Obamacare. They do not privation the US population to realize that it will not actually destroy the economy and it can actually improve the lives of many people, many Republicans to b e more specific. They are fearful of the despotic impacts it could have on supporters of the Republican Party. One common problem many Americans admit to having with Obamacare. The nickname Obamacare is a point many people cannot get past, and when asked if they support it or not many say they do not. But the consuming majority of Americans agree with the actual termsof the ACA and the steps it takes to better healthcare in the US. It could be that the dim-witted concept of a nickname could be the main problem people have with an overall positive proposal. Although Obamacare itself has been spread out to institute new laws and regulations over the next 5-10 years, the effects of some of the early plans have already been present.ACA has already impacted the number of insured Americans and that amount is expected to continue to rise. Another change that has already been made is regarding dropping policy holders. No longer are insurance firms allowed to drop policy holders due to s ickness or injury. Perhaps the most noticed and controversial part to date is the increase in healthcare costs and its effects on the national budget. The national debt limit has been a very sensitive topic and the require Obamacare will have on it is not helping the problem. It needs to be determine the lengths necessary to go in order to make healthcare nationally available yet not impact the national debt in a way as to cause economic unrest. With a plan that has stirred up so much unrest in its early days, the future does not bode well for Obamacare. Johnathan Oberlander of the New England Journal of Medicine argues that many of the problems that the Affordable care act faces forthwith will not be present once the act is more established in several(prenominal) years.Once the disagreements on the actual passing of the bill fade, in come the disputes about what the act does and does not do and the boundaries of the laws. Perhaps the most difficult long-term challenge facing Obam acare is cost control (Oberlander, New England Journal of Medicine). Cost control is a serious issue that is seen to be a point of major contention in the future due to the lack of limits on spending. Another negative aspect of Obamacare is the affect it will have on our country in the global scheme of things. The spending on healthcare in the United States makes up 35% of the national spending, a whopping $1.38 trillion (Boot, Wall roadway Journal). Much different than a time when the majority of spending was allocated to war or national security, many Americans now worry about the extent of healthcare costs in relation to other costs. globally we are seen as a significant power, but with so much of our money dedicated to healthcare people are concerned for the safety and protection of our nation. Along with the healthcare protection of Obamacare comes the increase in government spending, and with that comes the alarming reality of less and less spending on our nationalsecurity.In my cerebration Obamacare is a very beneficial planned instituted by the government that receives an unnecessary and unfair amount of criticism. The Kaiser health Tracker poll asked Americans whether or not they supported Obamacare and the majority were against it. However, the poll also showed that 88% were in support of tax credits, 76% in elevate of expanding the coverage age of children to 26, and 71% and 66% in favor of expanding Medicaid and banning exclusions for preexisting conditions respectively. This shows that people are unfairly judging Obamacare, whether that be because of the nickname given to it or because it is President Obamas plan. I feel that the overall objective of the plan is one that should not be so vehemently disputed and put down by Americans and other political parties. The goal of achieving a nationally supported healthcare is a very positive one that should be supported by anyone who is in favor of the well-being of our country.

Legal Underpinnings of Business Law Essay Example for Free

Legal Underpinnings of telephone circuit Law EssayThe key to limiting liability exposure is to realize where your company might be vulnerable. It is important to be able to recognize possible situations that make a company vulnerable. Knowing completely possible significant aspects of any liability associated to the type of blood line an owner wants to participate in is vital. A business owner should always understand and have working knowledge of all laws that apply to your business to prevent liabilities. Personal Business VentureMy future person-to-person business venture would a wear line for curvy women. As a curvy woman, it is very difficult to find non-geometric, non-tent like, flower patterned, pitiful business and casual clothing. The best business organizational form for this business would be an LLC. LLCs atomic number 18 easy to set up. Chose a business name that incorporates LLC, single file an article of organization, create an operating agreement, endure licenses and permits, hire employees, and finally open the doors.I would have variety of partners from textiles, designers, clothing producers, managers, and finally marketing specialists. The personal liability exposure would be minimal. With an LLC if I messed up the partners would not be responsible. The consequences are not as bad is if I was in a corporation. The LLC is more(prenominal) flexible. The positives are less record precludeing and more profit sharing. The state would have some say into my company so I would have to keep up with guidance regularly.The negative of this company is that once a member leaves, the entire company essential complete their duties and responsibilities and then dissolve. Another down fall is that self-employment tax contributions towards Medicare and Social Security. The net income of the LLC is subject to this tax. The national government does not recognize LLC as a business entity for taxation purposes, all LLCs must file as a corporation , partnership, or sole proprietorship tax return. Certain LLCs are automatically class and taxed as a corporation by federal tax law.

Cultural Awareness in Counselling Practices Essay Example for Free

Cultural knowingness in Counselling Practices EssayI engage chosen to focus this assignment on the indigene and Vietnamese grows. I hope to be sprains in an area which volition have these dickens cultures as the dominant groups. The solid ground I have focussed on Vietnamese refugees instead of the culture of Vietnam as a whole is that the facility I hope to work in has refugees as its briny client group. I will give an overview of my research into how best to work in a rede relationship with tribe from indigene and Vietnamese cultures, ensuring that I am as culturally sensitive and witting as manageable. Aboriginal culture and managementMost research indicates that cultural barriers are the major reason why Aboriginal people are discouraged or dissuaded from using the affable wellness service. As practiti wizardrs, pleaders have often failed to identify, acknowledge and recognise the central role of Indigenous culture. Historically, in that respect has been a wi de period of mistrust among the Aboriginal people and white Australians. Federal governments for much of the twentieth century highly-developed paternalistic policies and practices that regarded the removal of baby birdren from Aboriginal families as essential for their welfare.Continuing statutory responsibilities for the protection of children have make galore(postnominal) Aboriginal women fear approaching the Department of Family and Community Services for assistance, especially in house servant violence and child abuse issues. It is a fact that Aboriginal people have and continue to fellowship being discriminated against by white Australians. A large socio-economic gap exists amid white Australians and Aboriginal people. in spite of in that location having been recorded experiences of twain Aboriginal advocates and non-Aboriginal counsellors attempting to keep Aboriginal clients engaged in the psychological health service, it is evident that some Aboriginal clients may o nly turn up for one or deuce sessions entirely drop out of the system. The possible factors behind their lack of motivation to keep move in way service may lie in the factor of assistance they are looking for.The problems of engaging Aboriginal clients in mental health services exist mainly because mainstream services have non provided relevant responses to their crisis situation. Aboriginal clients would first seek matter-of-fact assistance such as refugee accommodation and food, and they would withal seek assistance from their families, extended families or their own communities. Aboriginal people have retained virile kinship ties and extended family commitments. As in traditional times, Aboriginal people whole step a salient obligation to their kinship ties. The extended family will al slipway be first in helping if there is a crisis or even a slight problem. Only when they finishnot pass away enough or equal help from their extended family or their own community, w ill they turn to outside help or support. there are particular issues to be aware of when working in a counselling role with Aboriginal clients. For example, it is not suitable to refer to a dead person by name and Aboriginal people view hallucination or delusion as spiritual experience not necessarily as symptoms of mental illness. Eye contact is considered offensive to Aboriginal people. Making eye contact ( curiously with some one of the opposite sex) is shaming. Gender rules within Aboriginal cultures are important and must be respected whenever possible regarding intervention. Ideally, women staff should work with women and anthropoid staff should work with men.Women may feel embarrassed talking to male staff and men may feel shame if helped by female staff. In building a trust with Aboriginal people, most Aboriginal people would prefer to work with an Aboriginal worker regarding their problems. more thanover situations may arise where clients may know or be related to an A boriginal worker. They may feel shame or be restricted through kinship rules in discussing personal problems with them. Fear that the worker will breach confidentiality with the local community may be an some other concern. Where possible, clients should be given the prime(a) of both Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal workers.Aboriginal clients will usually take the initiative in desire assistance when a crisis emerges, such as domestic violence or services being disconnected, or having no money to buy food and other essentials for their children. Aboriginal people would first consider practical forms of assistance, such crisis care, financial assistance, medical services, accommodation, food when a domestic problem arises. This sort of assistance is what they really need and want, not just talk therapy. Before they send packing sort out their basic quick problems, they may not have the capacity or attention to deal with other psychological issues. erst Aboriginal clients have settl ed down and can take a calmer approach to their predicament, it still does not guarantee they will stay with the mental health service. It is not uncommon that once they have resolved a problem, they will feel it not necessary to remain a part of the service but may come back a few months later for help when another issue arises. If mental health service workers, for example, have patiently developed a good relationship or reverberance with them, counsellors can take advantage of this by reminding their clients of the good they can do when relationships or domestic situations are at lay on the line. The ability of counsellors to invite clients to talk about their problems may make it possible to explore other problems. Aboriginal clients particular issues or crises may be linked to other problems, such as child abuse, alcoholism, mental health, unemployment and parenting problems.It is crucial for counsellors to build a trusting relationship with the Aboriginal community. A rela tionship that is obviously based on talk therapy will not work for Aboriginal clients. counsellings need to know where to get practical assistance for Aboriginal clients. Otherwise, Aboriginal clients may only turn to those services that they feel can really assist them. A counselling service that provides support and practical assistance can depart a meaningful referral point within the Aboriginal community.Vietnamese refugees and counsellingMy research found that there are three recommended points of entry for developing trust and rapport with Vietnamese refugees. These are Self- presentation of the Counsellor Approaching the problem and Working through an Issue. Self Presentation of the Counsellor The style and presentation of the counsellor could be described as being a friend to the distresstised client. Being a friend does not at all mean shedding the professional counselling role with boundaries and ethics, but rather message that counsellors relations with these client s should be caring, sharing and acting as a true friend would normally be. communicating caring to Vietnamese clients is being brotherly, warm, interested in family, attentive to concerns raised, being an empathic listener, trying to see to it and respond to non-verbal communications, and being ready to assist with practical matters.Presenting as a friend too means that counsellors may initially have to share, or disclose, a little more about themselves than usual. This is often necessary to put Vietnamese clients at ease and win their trust. Another dimension of being a friendly counsellor is being a friend in need. Many counsellors of Indochinese refugee clients have found it full of life to assume multiple helping roles and to be actively involved in providing them with practical assistance or concrete services that provide prompt results, before engaging them in dealing with past distress or in making important self-disclosures. Approaching a problem The success of establi shing trust and rapport with Vietnamese clients is not only dependent upon the way that counsellors present themselves as described above, but also upon the way they approach a problem. Within Vietnamese culture there are distinct ways of dealing with problems.Prominent features of the Vietnamese style include indirect expression of feelings, reluctance to confront conflictual situations, appreciation for allowing time to work out seemingly insoluble problems, and reliance on personal inner personnel in facing difficulties. Given the quite different ways of dealing with problems in Vietnamese culture, we would standardised to suggest that non-Vietnamese counsellors have to move dimmedly and gently and approach with the right timing. Following a respectful, slow pace suitable to the client is important, especially during the rapport building stage, to avoid jarring or pique the client. The timing of approaching the problem is important for maintaining the relationship and for res olving the problem. If the counsellor takes the initiative to bring up an issue, it is important to do this gently, keeping in mind the cultural norm of saving face and the risk of confrontation.Working through an Issue As issues begin to be worked through, there are three suggested ways of continuing to build rapport and trust with Vietnamese clients working with somatisation, working from here and now and working through the family. A great number of Vietnamese refugees express their experience of emotional distress below the guise of physical symptoms such as headache, fatigue, insomnia. As somatisation is a culturally acceptable way of presenting mental problems, counsellors can work with these problems first, before moving onto deeper levels. Most Vietnamese refugees are concerned with day-to-day survival. oblation them practical assistance is seen as offering much needed help and assisting to set up a trusting relationship and also an external environment in which emotional issues can be more safely worked through. For Vietnamese, the family plays an important role, in a resettlement country as well as in their country of origin.It appears to be present and influential in many issues, which the Vietnamese client discusses in the session. The family can support or sabotage the relationship between the therapist and the patient. Therefore, in post-trauma counselling with Vietnamese clients, dealing with the family dimension is crucial for the building of trust and understanding and for the success of the intervention. As in all counselling interventions, it is essential to build trust between Vietnamese-born clients and their counsellors. Points of entry rather than barriers have been referred to in the three aspects of counselling refugees. Credibility and giving are seen as being crucial in this process.Counselling can be of great benefit to helping Vietnamese refugees on the road to recovery from trauma. Vietnamese refugees have a great need for compa ny, because they have suffered multiple losses, including faith in the goodness of humanity. Through a counsellor establishing a trusting relationship with them, they could regain this faith, so as to enable them to live the life that they have made huge sacrifices for. Prior to undertaking this assignment I had felt that my cultural awareness of both the Aboriginal and Vietnamese communities was very high. I have travelled extensively in Vietnam and had the opportunity to inform English there. My research into trauma and Vietnamese refugee status in Australia has certainly changed a lot of my views. I could almost say that with my basic Vietnamese language and extensive travels I had been feeling almost self-complacency about dealing with Vietnamese clients. I have learned that there are many parallels between the Aboriginal and Vietnamese refugee cultures. Both are in trauma both need to have their immediate needs met before effective counselling can take place.My research into Maslows hierarchy of take has certainly given the actual practice of counselling clients in trauma an effective framework to work within. As does Eriksons Stages of Development. Traumatised clients will have interrupted stages of development. These will need to be addressed by and by the initial and immediate needs are met. I had also felt that I had a particularly good understanding of the Aboriginal culture, having worked in Indigenous education.My research for this assignment highlighted that there are many gaps to my understanding. I had not taken into account that many Aboriginal people are actually in severe crisis when they do seek help. Similar to the Vietnamese people in trauma, they would first try to find oneself support within their kin, tribe or immediate family. When a breakdown of this occurs, outside help is want but this is fraught with fear, shame and often misunderstanding. This has been a vital assignment for me to undertake and I will continue to seek curren t research and counselling developments in the areas of Aboriginal mental health and refugee trauma counselling.ReferencesArmstrong, T. (2002). Counselling Interventions and Indigenous mental health. Medicine Australia,http//www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/abhealth/abhealt1345.html. Blagg, H. (2000). Crisis Intervention in Aboriginal Family Violence, Summary report. evil Research Centre, University of Western Australia.Chambers, A. (1990). Responding to Domestic Violence Spouse Abuse. Guidelines to Practice. Department for Community Services, Western Australia, September 1990. Nguyen robin redbreast Bowles authors, published in the Journal of Australian Social Work, June 1998.