Dengue Fever Essay

AbstractDengue fever is a weaken tropical disease piddled by one of five types of the breakbone fever fever fever computer virus.(1) It is communicable by mosquitos through push through the tropics and subtropics of not only s come forthh-east Asia, but has this instant feast to Central and South America, and countries in the pacific Ocean and America as well. Usu eithery, most people who ar infected with the virus atomic number 18 asymptomatic, with mild symptoms, whereas others develop life threatening dengue fever haemorrhagic fever. The usual diagnosis of this former is based on describe symptoms and a physical exam. Although in that location are still no sanction vaccine or specific antiviral drug for dengue fever, some clinical developments stupefy been implemented and a vaccine may be available in the near future.(2) IntroductionDengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a virus known as dengue virus. This virus continues to infect the human ra ce and is a growing wellness problem in the tropic and subtropic areas, eventide with our current body politic of advanced technology and medical care. Dengue virus is from the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. (3) It is a transmitter borne disease that occurs through the burn off of an infected Aedes mosquito. The virus has 5 different types (DENV) 1, 2 3, 4, and 5. Once infected with the virus, symptoms include a sharp amply fever, measle-like rash all over the body, headache, and muscle and joint pain. In small cases, the disease tummy develop into life- threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Although there are methods of stripe of this disease, the cause infecting the human body still results in many cases of this enfeeble disease, probably due to urbanization increasing the habitat of aedes aegypti. (4) Currently, there is no active vaccine for this virus. However, researchers suck found a vista for a dengue vaccine that reduces the overall risk of dengue transmitting by 60% and may be available by advanced 2015. (2)Read moreSpeech on Dengue feverishness accountingThe vast history of dengue fever and aedes aegypti can examine back many thousands of years ago. The earliest known records of dengue fever-like condition was found in the Chinese Medical Encyclopedia in 265-420 AD. (5) The virus aedes aegypti, spread out of Africa in the 15th to 19th centuries. in that location had been conveyed claps of dengue fever- like symptoms since1635 in the West Indies, but it was not until 1779, when it was substantiate for the first time that dengue fever epidemic occurred in Asia, northwest America, and Africa almost all at once. (6) Since then, dengue epidemics have been sporadic. By 1907, it was affirm that the Aedes mosquitos were infectious, and dengue fever was caused by a virus. (6) Outbreaks of dengue fever became more commonalty in 1953, when an epidemic of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever first occurred in Phili ppines.Dengue fever epidemic first started out in Southeast Asia and spread into surrounding subtropical and tropical countries and continues to spread, even further out. Outbreaks in the Americas were rare due to the vector-control efforts in destroying the aedes aegypti mosquitos habitat. However, when they shed a stop to destroying the dengue virus mosquitos in the 1970s, the mosquitoes repopulated most of the countries and by the 1990s, had expanded its habitation. Furthermore, a virus that was once thought to be control to Southeast Asia, has had sporadic outbreaks with local transmission in the United States in the southern states such as Florida, Hawaii, and Texas. (7) Additionally, the dengue virus which had 4 types initially, now has a one- twenty percent serotype, which was discovered in 2013.(8) GeneticsDengue virus is a tiny virus that carries a single positive-strand of RNA as its genome within an envelope. It has about 11,000 nucleotide bases that translates ten pro teins three of these are geomorphological proteins that form the coat of the virus and transport the RNA to target cells and sevener ofthem are nonstructural proteins that coordinate the production of new viruses once the virus gets inside the cell. These proteins form a protective outer layer that controls the access of the virus into human cells.(9) Dengue fever virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the genus Flavivirus. There are five types of this virus, called serotypes. The first four are known as DENV -1, -2, -3, and -4. And the fifth type was discovered in 2013. Although the serotypes may differ from one another, they have similar clinical manifestations. (10)PathogenesisDengue fever virus can be transmitted in the body by a single bite from an aedes aegypti mosquito. Humans are the primary host in the virus, but it can also circulate in nonhuman primates. When an aedes aegypti mosquito bites a person, the virus penetrates into the skin along with the mosquitos sal iva. The virus binds and enters white-hot downslope cells, and replicates inside the cells. When the dengue virus is injected into the skin, the dengue virus binds onto the epidermis and dermis, which results in an transmittance of dendritic cells. The infected cells then move to the closest lymph node, eyepatch the dengue virus genome is translated in the endoplasmic reticulum, and replicates the viral RNA.The mature viruses of the infected cells are released by exocytosis. They are then able to enter other white production line cells, such as monocytes and macrophages.(12) The white blood cells send out a signal, and respond by producing cytokines and interferons, which are responsible for the fever, the flu-like symptoms. Sometimes our bodies can accumulate too much of the virus, and can cause severe infection and can cause organ damage. Fluid from the bloodstream leaks into body cavities. And as a result, there isnt enough blood to supply to life-sustaining organs. Further more, infection of the stromal cells leads to risk of bleeding.Clinical ManifestationsUsually, most people with infected dengue virus are asymptomatic with mild fever symptoms. Some have severe illnesses, and in a small percentage, it can be fatal. The incubation period is usually 4 to 7 days, but can cathode-ray oscilloscope from 3 to14 days. Common characteristics of dengue fever include a explosive fever, retoorbital pain, joint and muscle pain breakbone fever and ameasle-like rash all over the body. The symptoms of dengue fever occur in 3 phases febrile, critical, and recovery. The febrile phase includes a high fever over 104 degrees Fahrenheit, a headache, nausea, and generalised weakness that lasts 2-7 days. Also, a rash and mild bleeding in the mucose membranes.After the fever resolves, the disease continues onto the critical phase. This phase includes leakage of blood plasma from the blood vessels and usually lasts for 2 days. This can lead to fluid ingathering of the chest and abdominal cavities as well as a high loss of fluids and reduced blood supply to vital organs. Extreme blood depletion puts one at a high risk of of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock. Although the critical phase is rare, it is more common in kids than adults. The recovery phase is the last phase of the dengue symptoms. resorption of leaked fluids are returned into the blood stream. Also with symptoms of severe itching and a rock-bottom heart rate. Fluidoverload can occur in this stage, affecting the brain, which can cause seizures and/ or a altered level of consciousness.ConclusionAs dengue fever cases grow in numbers, we cannot help but wonder if and when an outbreak will occur due to the new found studies of a fifth type of aedes aegyoti virus. The mosquito-borne tropical virus, has evolved out of its origin and is continuing to spread to more countries. Dengue fever is being seen more in those who lead around the world. Although this disease is dead ly, it is rare and people should fully recover from these debilitating symptoms. There is no particular treatment for this disease. Treatment depends on dengue symptoms. Currently, researchers are working on a dengue fever vaccine that can reduce the risk up to 60 percent, which is supposed to be introduced and ready in 2015.